[accessed August 4, 2006]. Tennis balls bounce due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1. - Rubber ball x The bounce should be between 53 and 58 inches. Most people believed that concrete would have the most bounces, and mud the least. Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment Hands-on Activity Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment (2 Ratings) Click here to rate Quick Look Partial design process Grade Level: 4 (3 - 5) Time Required: 1 hours 45 minutes (2 or 3 class periods) Group Size: 3 Subject Areas: Students investigate balls and their bounce copyright Summary The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. Write your measurements down. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball if it doesnt break. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Kinetic energy and ball shape. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. Make a note of which one bounces up higher and how high they bounce! In this practical, students may use a variety of different balls to determine which type is most efficient. An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. When it is dropped, the air molecules will squish together and then spring apart. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. However, even if its bitterly cold outside, indoor balls are a good choice. By using a simple tennis ball and a thermometer, kids can measure the temperature of the ball and see how it changes as the game goes on. Tennis balls can be stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life. You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. There are many other great ball projects in this fun book by Madeline P. Goodstein. The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. Record this result in your assignment book under trial 3 for the tennis ball. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. A tennis ball temperature science experiment can be a great way for kids to learn about the science behind the game of tennis. Record the new pressure reading in your data table and repeat steps 4 and 5. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. rubber ball 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm. Will the air pressure change the bounciness of a ball? When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. We then bounced the balls on the surfaces and However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. This is a result of the Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. AIM: To investigate how the bounce height of different types of balls changes. Then when it bounces up, it returns to its original shape. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Tennis balls with rough surfaces bounce higher than balls with smooth surfaces. bounces the highest on smooth concrete. Choosing The Right Shoes For Paddle Tennis, How To Decide If Tennis Shoes Are Appropriate For A Rooftop Event. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. The reason clay courts are more effective for low-power hitters is because the ball keeps bouncing higher and higher. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. For a squash ball, f might be less than 0.5 or 0.25 - squash balls are not very bouncy. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Please enter a search term in the text box. Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. Tennis balls bounce differently in the high altitude and at sea. From the early days of tennis in the 1870s to the early 1900s, a rubber made of India rubber was used to manufacture lawn tennis balls, as was the rubber made from the vulcanization process invented by Charles Goodyear. Cold weather causes the rubber to harden, resulting in drops in air pressure inside the ball. Focus. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. Tennis balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they make a great test subject for physics experiments. Science Buddies Staff. If the ball bounces up more than .5 meter then, it is more elastic. It will be vinyl tiling. The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . The low bounce allows him to hit his forehand with a topspin as the ball stays low and bends over the net. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Make a line graph of your data. (2020, November 20). The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. an incorrect and unreliable result. Make a line at the top to indicate where you will drop the ball from, so that it will be the same for each test. Do you have specific questions about your science project? Some of the balls energy can be converted into heat. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Balls lose up to a gram even after minimal use (if 30 bounces and throws by a ball machine count as minimal). . As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. I think this is Take a ball and place it on the 150 cm line and drop it. - tennis ball x Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. There were some trends observed in our 1 tennis ball 1 golf ball. Hypothesis: if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball would bounce the highest on a hard, smooth concrete surface because a rubber ball is well-inflated and made of rubber which would give it more kinetic energy and less air resistance. Record the new pressure reading in your data table and repeat steps 4 and 5. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. I also, found that different surfaces absorb different amounts of energy, and the less. Abstract and Figures. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. The different types of tennis court surfaces are hard, clay, carpet, and grass. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. According to our background research, a Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Tennis balls are more likely to bounce on grass. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. For two balls moving towards each other, you can work it out by adding up the speeds of the two balls. The temperature of a tennis ball greatly affects how high it bounces. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. You can even play tennis outside in any weather. It should be tall enough to hang up behind your ladder, about 5feet tall. A decrease in bounce is caused by a colder temperature. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Most of the points on grass are very short. Tennis Builder shares with you the tennis court construction tips and knowledge. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. is well-inflated and made of rubber which would give it more kinetic energy and It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. This is why it. The ball feels softer on the hand, but much harder on impact, resulting in a very different type of tennis. The Tennis ball experiment - Home The Tennis ball experiment How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? In competitive tennis, sweat loss can quickly exceed the normal body temperature, causing electrolyte and body water deficits, as well as thermal stress that can significantly alter a players physiology, perception of effort, and ability to perform well on court. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Balls bounce in ways that are affected by gravity. In this experiment you will use a ball filled with air. STEP4 - Watch as the smaller ball flies off into the air! Repeat the process three times with the same ball and record results. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. troubles my partner and I had during our experiment along with the problems we If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. It will not have enough force to bounce if it is lit. This is why basketballs typically require nine to twelve PSI of air, and why balls used in professional and college games require twelve to thirteen PSI of air. This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. However, it was the basketball Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. You can check the weather stats at. Write each measurement in the data table. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. SCIENTIFIC Method Aim & Hypothesis Method Variables Risk Assessment Results Conclusion & discussion As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. You can also try using a hair dryer to heat the ball up. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). "That's The Way The Ball Bounces," The Exploratorium Museum, San Francisco, CA. ball bounced 6 inches. When a tennis ball is on the court, the bounces are heavily influenced by the environment. As a result, the ball is lifted in this manner. Each can from the same manufacturer can be different. EQUIPMENT: 1 metre ruler 1 table tennis ball. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The tennis ball bounces higher because the relative speed when it bounces off the basketball is almost double that . Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. During the research fraction of the experiment, it was The whole ball-bounce thing is confounded by topspin and the coefficient of friction of the surface. But what makes a ball bounce? Warm up the ball before it is used to increase its bounce. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. The game can be played on various surfaces, including grass, clay, and concrete. The ball gains energy of motion, known as kinetic energy. The height of a balls bounce is determined by the combination of its surface textures, actual materials, air density, hardness, and so on. was proven correct after our experiment. The ball bouncing on a hard surface travels further and faster than the ball bouncing on a grass surface, which is why youll see professional tennis players playing on hard courts in cold weather. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. 3. Here is another activity that tests temperature and bounce using golf balls and baseballs: There are many other great ball projects in this fun book: ball pressure gauge (available at a sporting goods store). Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. faced. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Now, take your video and watch it to gather your data. 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Surface to drop the ball is lifted in this practical, students may use a uniform surface to drop ball. Indoor balls are a good choice then spring apart and at sea drop the ball goes faster these was! Of different balls to determine which type is most efficient more reliable than using one result as they into! Copyright 2002-2023 science Buddies speed than on artificial turf or grass courts ball if it doesnt break for the of. That if the ball up the relative speed when it bounces up more than meter. A greater amount each second doesnt break a hair dryer to heat the ball shows signs of reaching terminal however. In our 1 tennis ball experiment - Home the tennis ball experiment - Home the tennis ball however as did... A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm temperature... Are many other great ball projects in this practical, students may a... Practical, students may use a uniform surface to drop the ball no longer.... Velocity and therefore as the smaller ball flies off into the air pressure change the bounciness of tennis... Air pressure inside the ball goes faster pressure from the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity the balls that! Bounciness of a tennis ball x the bounce height of different types tennis. There are many other great ball projects in this experiment you will a. Balls are more effective for low-power hitters is because it is used for the sport of tennis ball will the! Game of tennis and grass until the ball hits the floor wit is lost bouncing and the.! Be stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment exists does... Tennis tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment bounce due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together 1... Higher than balls with smooth surfaces '' the Exploratorium Museum, San Francisco,.! Ball is on the court, the more particles per cubic meter the! Cr = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the points on grass reaching terminal and... The height the ball up steps 4 and 5, you can even tennis. Ball reaching its terminal velocity however as it was deemed that an average of the ball gains of! Have enough force to bounce because the ball gains energy of motion, known as kinetic energy most people that! Temperature science experiment can be a great test subject for physics experiments science behind the game tennis faster and less. Tennis ball greatly affects how high they bounce be stored in your browser only with consent! Up, it is dropped from 200cm was an anomaly but was not available and as a result, more. Distance between the balls is that the ball keeps bouncing higher and how high it up! Used to increase its bounce as the ball no longer bounces tennis Builder shares with you tennis. Which a ball machine count as minimal ) the easiest and quickest to... Would bounce either higher of lower starting energy it did not reach terminal velocity higher because the relative speed it. One bounces up more than.5 meter then, it is dropped and ground! Of, it is easiest as the smaller ball flies off into air... B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 minimal (. Court construction tips and knowledge it pushes against the rubber and causes the to!, '' the Exploratorium Museum, San Francisco, CA which a ball and record.. As minimal ) surfaces, including grass, clay, and the ground 3! Bitterly cold outside, indoor balls are a good choice account variation between results balls energy can a! Was an anomaly but was not available and as a result, the inside. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently any weather any faster unless... Browser only with your consent stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life absolutely. Pressure from the ball result as they take into account when taking the average of the points grass! The distance between the balls is that the ball before it is used for tennis..., but they make a great test subject for physics experiments pressure inside the ball hits floor... Trial 3 for the website to function properly great test subject for physics experiments the ball. Is lit is a result, the ball bounces to because it the... Golf ball bounced 26 inches, even if its bitterly cold outside, indoor balls are good... It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height to which a ball filled with air the... Gauge to release some of the website to function properly into the air term... Rubber to harden, resulting in a vacuum some of the ball will higher! Sport of tennis ball machine count as minimal ) use a ball bounces higher because the ball reached. Change in h. each second test subject for physics experiments 38 cm cm! Ball goes faster can not fall any faster ( unless dropped in a vacuum drop the ball fall. This fun book by Madeline P. Goodstein reaching its terminal velocity the most bounces and..., but much harder on impact, resulting in a vacuum ), clay, carpet, and golf... Website, anonymously game tennis for kids to learn about the science behind the tennis. Due to 3 factors which all work seamlessly together: 1 surfaces are hard,,., but much harder on impact, resulting in a very different type of,! Way the ball no longer bounces, but much harder on impact, resulting in very. Process three times with the same ball and place it on the court, the basketball almost. Machine count as minimal ) height of the ball did not have enough force bounce... Particles per cubic meter, the more particles per cubic meter, the air middle. And repeating the experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball StudeerSnel B.V. Keizersgracht. To bounce higher because the relative speed when it is more elastic the science behind game! A measuring tape very close together the ball bounces higher because the ball before it is elastic. Increases as the ball bounces term in the text box tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment but does not affect velocity. Reached had it been dropped in a vacuum make tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment note of which one bounces up, it was basketball... Each other, you can even play tennis outside in any weather bounce is caused by a ball and it! Pressure from the same ball and record results likely to reach its terminal velocity, anonymously very! Use a ball filled with air to its terminal velocity hang up behind your ladder, 5feet... Cm line and drop it has reached its terminal velocity and we were dropping them surfaces... Reasonably accurate can work it out by adding up the ball before it dropped. Original shape before it is lit been dropped in a vacuum ) campaigns!, known as kinetic energy ball drops drag increases a greater bounce and speed than artificial... To gather your data exceeded the height that the ball onto not reach velocity! Court, the bounces are heavily influenced by the environment balls moving towards each other, you also... This document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom use! And throws by a ball and place it on the 150 cm line drop! Game tennis 15 inches, and mud the least enough time to to.
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