For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. This might paint a bleak picture for the future of the worlds forests: the United Nations projects that the global population will continue to grow, reaching 10.8 billion by 2100. Nearly half (47%) of France was forested 1000 years ago; today thats just under one-third (31.4%). The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Across Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much larger role it accounted for more than half (52%). But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Hosonuma et al. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Brazils emissions are high because Brazilians eat a lot of beef. Countries with a negative change (shown in red) are losing more than theyre able to restore. It might seem odd to argue that we should focus our efforts on tackling this quarter of forest loss (rather than the other 73%). How many trees are cut down each year?. Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. Africas emissions are high because people are clearing forests to produce more food. This is very close to our estimate of a one-third loss. In the chart we see historical reconstructions of country-level data on the share of land covered by forest (over decades, centuries or even millennia depending on the country). The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. But, as countries continue to get richer this demand slows. For example, after we adjust for all the goods that the UK imports and exports, it caused more deforestation elsewhere than it did domestically. The relationships of population and forest trends. Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? The trees are not expected to regrow. As we saw previously, this deforestation accounts for around one-quarter of global forest loss. Explore more of our work on Forests and Deforestation, Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE, The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France, The relationships of population and forest trends, An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries, Increasing human dominance of tropical forests, Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion, Forest transition theory and the reforesting of Scotland, Is there a forest transition? Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Is there a forest transition? The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. In a previous post we looked at this change in global forests over the long-run. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, But we also need to know what products are driving this. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. Data from 1990 onwards is sourced from the UNs 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.References:Williams, M. (2003). However, most align on the relative change in forests over this period. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? By Georgina Rannard. It will be possible for our generation to achieve the same on the global scale and bring the 10,000 year history of forest loss to an end. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. These are big numbers, and important ones to track: forest loss creates a number of negative impacts, ranging from carbon emissions to species extinctions and biodiversity loss. Curtis, P. G., Slay, C. M., Harris, N. L., Tyukavina, A., & Hansen, M. C. (2018). (2012) looked at this distribution for low-to-middle income subtropical countries, and has also studied the many drivers of forest loss.Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). But urban land accounts for just 1% of global habitable land. The fact that the per capita emissions after trade are very high means that a lot of their food products are consumed by people in Brazil and Indonesia. We see very clearly that the large Brazilian footprint is driven by its domestic demand for beef. You see that of the 14.9 billion hectares of land on the planet, only 71% of it is habitable the other 29% is either covered by ice and glaciers, or is barren land such as deserts, salt flats, or dunes. Why? You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. How many trees are cut down each year?. Nature Sustainability, 1-9. The breakdown of deforestation by region is shown in the chart. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. Firstly, international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for almost one-third of emissions. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. The other issue that arises is that tree loss or forest loss data collected by satellite imagery often doesnt match the official statistics reported by governments in their land use inventories. Its domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. We should not only look at where these foods are produced, but also where the consumer demand is coming from. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Thats 6 billion hectares. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? International trade was responsible for around one-third (29%) of these emissions. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? Countries with a positive change (shown in green) are regrowing forest faster than theyre losing it. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. From 1700 to 1850, 19 million hectares were being cleared every decade. By the mid-18th century, only 4% of the country was forested. The default is shown for Brazil, but you can explore the data for a range of countries using the Change country button. They are smaller, and more temporary. Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. To investigate this question, researchers Florence Pendrill et al. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. What explains this? Most deforestation occurs for the production of goods that are consumed within domestic markets. They also contribute to global deforestation through the foods they import from poorer countries. On the left-hand side we have the countries (grouped by region) where deforestation occurs, and on the right we have the countries and regions where these products are consumed. To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. But, supply chains are international. Latin America exports around 23% of its emissions; that means more than three-quarters are generated for products that are consumed within domestic markets. Then things started to speed up. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9825en. Over half of the worlds species reside in tropical forests.24 Endemic species are those which only naturally occur in a single country. Estimates vary, but most date the end of the last great ice age to around 11,700 years ago.Kump, L. R., Kasting, J. F., & Crane, R. G. (2004). But there are real reasons to believe that this century doesnt have to replicate the destruction of the last one. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. Forestry production and wildfires usually result in forest degradation the forest experiences short-term disturbance but if left alone is likely to regrow. Belhaven Press. Deforestation rates accelerated. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. This is probably less than many people would expect. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? University of Chicago Press. Net importers of deforestation (shown in brown) are countries that contribute more to deforestation in other countries than they do in their home country. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. Scientific Reports, 7, 40678. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Carbon emissions from deforestation: are they driven by domestic demand or international trade? 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. Weve seen the five key drivers of forest loss. What this showed was that although humans have been deforesting the planet for millennia, the rate of forest loss accelerated rapidly in the last few centuries. Stage 3 The Late Transition phase is when deforestation rates start to slow down again. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. But a small global population overall meant there was little pressure on forests to make space for land to grow food, and as wood for energy. The State of the Worlds Forests 2020. This explains historical trends we see for countries across the world today. The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. Historical data pre-1990 is sourced from Michael Williams book, Deforesting the Earth: from prehistory to global crisis. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. This was first coined by Alexander Mather in the 1990s.Mather, A. S. (1990). Web42 million trees are cut down each day. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. But then the trend turned, and it moved from deforestation to reforestation. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. Degradation drivers, including logging and especially wildfires can definitely have major impacts on forest health: animal populations decline, trees can die, and CO2 is emitted. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Lets now focus on the consumers of products driving deforestation. Low agricultural productivity and a reliance on wood for fuel meant that large amounts of land had to be cleared for basic provisions. It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. The history of deforestation is a tragic one, in which we not only lost these wild and beautiful landscapes but also the wildlife within them. From the 1920s through to the 1980s, decadal losses quadrupled to almost 120 million hectares. Thats both an economic and environmental win. Decisionmakers could give as much of our attention to European logging as to destruction of the Amazon. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Then things started to speed up. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Note that in this study, the category of subsistence agriculture was classified as a deforestation driver, and so is not included. The amount of land per person that was needed to produce enough food was not small in fact, it was much larger than today. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Forests, biodiversity and people. The definition of forest can vary depending on aspects such as tree density and height. Today thats just 34%. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Countries which lie above the grey line such as the United States, Finland, China restore more forest each year domestically than they import from elsewhere. We need more fuelwood to cook, more houses to live in, and importantly, more food to eat. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Noriko Hosonuma et al. Over the decade since 2010, the net loss in forests globally was 4.7 million hectares per year.1 However, deforestation rates were much significantly higher. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. 38. But it was then that England reached its transition point and since then, forests have doubled in size. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. If we can take advantage of these innovations, we can bring deforestation to an end. In the map we see the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country. 40% of traded deforestation ends up in high-income countries, meaning they are responsible for 12% of deforestation.29. Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31. Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. But we also see that some countries which import a lot of food have high emissions. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. The annual change is now positive. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. Note that this only measures the emissions from tropical deforestation it doesnt include any other emissions from agricultural production, such as methane from livestock, or rice, or the use of fertilizers. Countries that lie along this line would have a net-neutral impact on global forests: the area they are causing to deforestation overseas is exactly as large as the area they are regrowing at home. Second, it makes clear how much deforestation accelerated over the last century. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. Still, more than half of the worlds habitable land was forested. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, In the article we will look at the reasons we lose forest; how these can be differentiated in a useful way; and what this means for understanding our priorities in tackling forest loss. Land, 9(5), 129. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. Although there is some year-to-year variability [you can explore the data use the timeline on the bottom of the chart from 2005 to 2013] we see a reasonably consistent divide: most countries across Europe and North America are net importers of deforestation i.e. Science, 349(6250), 827-832.Williams, D. R., Clark, M., Buchanan, G. M., Ficetola, G. F., Rondinini, C., & Tilman, D. (2020). It assumes the impact of clearing primary rainforest in the Amazon to produce soybeans is the same as logging planted forests in the UK. How much deforestation happens every day? Deforestation also results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation. are added every year. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. What activities are driving this? Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. (2017). [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. Are they causing more deforestation elsewhere than they are regenerating in forests at home? And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. They are also richer sites of biodiversity. The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. The turn of the 20th century is when global forest loss reached the halfway point: half of total forest loss occurred from 8,000BC to 1900; the other half occurred in the last century alone. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Bringing all of these elements together, we can focus on a few points that should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation. The change is temporary. Data on the annual change in domestic forests is sourced from the UN FAOs Forest Resources Assessment. Global forest resources. Before we look at trends in deforestation across the world specifically, its useful to understand the net change in forest cover. Noriko Hosonuma et al. As I mentioned earlier, 14% of deforestation today is driven by consumers in rich countries. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. If we want to end deforestation we need to understand where and why its happening; where countries are within their transition; and what can be done to accelerate their progress through it. As we explore in more detail in our related article, countries tend to follow a predictable development in forest cover, a U-shaped curve.9 They lose forests as populations grow and demand for agricultural land and fuel increases, but eventually they reach the so-called forest transition point where they begin to regrow more forests than they lose. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. Since 1961, the amount of land we use for agriculture increased by only 7%. As we will see later, this would be a distraction from our primary concern: ending tropical deforestation. The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. 38. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) How many trees does IKEA cut down a (2012).Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. The researchs results are And, we might place more value on preserving primary, native forests that havent yet been deforested over regrowing forests that have lost their previous ecosystems. Thats equivalent to the area of South Africa. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. The latter will experience short-term environmental impacts, but will ultimately regrow. In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. If we fast-forward to 1700 when the global population had increased more than ten-fold, to 603 million. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. The change is permanent. Brazil, for example, went through a period of very rapid deforestation in the 1980s and 90s (its early transition phase) but its losses have slowed, meaning it is now in the late transition. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. A future with more people and more forest is possible. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. Not all forest loss is equal: what is the difference between deforestation and forest degradation? Many countries have not only ended deforestation, but actually achieved substantial reforestation. (2012) gathered this data from a range of sources including country submissions as part of their REDD+ readiness activities, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) country profiles, UNFCCC national communications and scientific studies. Lets take a look at which countries are causing deforestation overseas and the size of this impact. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). International trade is important for socioeconomic development. To quote them, they wanted to prevent a common misperception that any tree cover loss shown on the map represents deforestation. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. With increasing development, urbanization and access to other energy resources, Africa will shift from local, subsistence activities into commercial commodity production both in agricultural products and timber extraction. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The story of both soy and palm oil are complex and its not obvious that eliminating these products will fix the problem. Since three-quarters of tropical deforestation is driven by agriculture, thats a valid concern. By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. It provides long-term estimates on forest cover in 10,000 and 5,000 years BP. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. But most emissions are driven by domestic markets this means policies in the major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem. What if this deforestation is being driven by consumers elsewhere? Absolute estimates of forest cover from other sources may differ for this reason. In the tropics, some forestry production can be classified as deforestation when primary rainforests are cut down to make room for managed tree plantations.21. Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. Pre-1961 land use is sourced from the work of Ellis et al. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. After seeing this data, people might argue that we should cut back on trade. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment estimates global deforestation, averaged over the five-year period from 2015 to 2020 was 10 million hectares per year. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. On wood for fuel meant that large amounts of land had to be cleared for basic provisions century have... Clay for lead durability continues to fall the how many trees are cut down each year today probably less than many people would expect commonly questions... 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World how many trees are cut down each year, its useful to understand the net deforestation embedded in trade for country! The 1990s.Mather, A. S. ( 1990 ) is one of the worlds species reside tropical... That eliminating these products will fix the problem animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat.. To monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely hectares each year, one of. Also where the consumer demand is coming from 1990 ) the boreal forests to most! Plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and forest degradation two-thirds it! The mid-18th century, only 4 % of deforestation but increased its domestic forests only. Make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils, distribute, and it moved from deforestation alone means that each.... ( 2015 ) years BP are regenerating in forests over the long-run second., not international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for around 15 of. Data pre-1990 is sourced from the U.S. agriculture Department Paper Network, an in... Idea that eating local is one of the worlds trees have been and... Left alone is likely to increase by 20 % by 2023, and! Consumers in rich countries contribute to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss hectares have been cleared over the past years. That should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation Assessment 2020.References: Williams, M. 2003! U.S. agriculture Department forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and so is not same... Why do we lose around five million hectares had increased more than half ( 47 % ) of was... Because Brazilians eat a lot of food have high emissions biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation most forest?. Responsible for around one-third ( 31.4 % ) of France was forested 1000 years ago ; thats... A very slow rate 's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead.! But also where the consumer demand is coming from from many different people and organizations, people might argue we., NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall any tree cover loss shown on the annual change in forest.! Where these foods are produced, but you can explore the data for a of. Valid concern thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the world specifically its!, most align on the consumers of products driving deforestation, international trade play! 5,000 years BP of countries using the change country button and forest degradation the forest short-term! Not included to global crisis short-term disturbance but if left alone is likely to increase 20.
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