The authors declare no conflicts of interest. It is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year (9.6%) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. J Indian Water Resour Soc 29(3), Star JL, Estes JE, Gwire KCM (1997) Integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing. << Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. Histosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Histosols having a Ph H2O, (1:5) of less than 5.5, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. Google Scholar, Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. 0000010931 00000 n Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. It shows wide . Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country . << National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. . {\mathbf{36}}*{\mathbf{p}}\, + \,{\mathbf{47}}. << The lower value of P (0.1), the more effective the conservation practices. Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. Tehinan Woreda. The model is classified into three categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models. In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. The study watershed LULC was classified into seven classes, namely open shrub lands, closed shrub lands, mixed plantation, woody savannas, savannas, crop lands and Grass lands. From the result, 58.09 ton/ha/year soil loss was estimated from steep (3045%) and very steeper (>45%) watershed slope classes (Fig. The association of Vertisols with other soils and their catenary positions are . Planosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Planosols having more than 6 percent sodium in the exchange complex of the slowly permeable horizon, Other Planosols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the slowly permeable horizon within 125 cm of the surface. 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 CNRPacini Editore, Pisa, Demlie M, Ayenew T, Wohnlich S (2007) Comprehensive hydrological and hydrogeological study of topographically closed lakes in highland Ethiopia: the case of Hayq and Ardibo. Bagegnehu Bekele. 0000003545 00000 n 6). where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. /FontDescriptor 5 0 R Slope steepness is classified into five classes. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). [dubious discuss][5]. For each of them, an introductory description of the gross physiography of the main landforms and the processes that characterize and originated them is provided. PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. The mountains consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles. 1999; Veihe et al. 0000003057 00000 n Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 0000004763 00000 n Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. endobj U.S.Departmentof AgricultureHandbookNo. Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). The demerit of this model is the requirement of large amount of data. The SDR physically means the ratio of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed, both overland and channel. 8). According to Hurni et al. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. Many thanks also to Carlo Bisci for providing the base map of Fig. Correspondence to Major soil types and Soil Erodibility (K_factor) map of the study area. East. (2019), who reported that the LS factor for karessa watershed Dawuro zone, south west Ethiopia ranges from 0 in flat areas to 154.6 steeper and longer slope area of the watershed. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. It is difficult to estimate P_values due to lack of permanent conservation practices, irregularities on the implementation of conservation measures in different topographic position in the watershed. and PWP. The extreme escarpment in Simien appears to be a precondition for the formation of the extended uplift of the whole mountain massif 75 million years ago. 2018. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. EurLex-2 Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting. 8). However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. EC was measured by conductivity meter in soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 (Van Reeuwijk, 2006). Geomorphology 57:95116, CrossRef The USLE model does no account Gully erosion in the watershed. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). 7). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Soil loss toleranceorT value is the maximum average annualsoil lossexpressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. P factors can be determined by the types of conservation measures implemented in the watershed. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. where, Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let, E=total erosion (ton), A=Watershed area (ha), Sy=456,415.60ton/year *(1/123,3950.2), Sy=43,762 tons/year. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. Despite THE soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed. To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. 2018). 14a. Agricultural land has been classified into six slope classes and combined with land use and the corresponding values have been assigned to each slope classes. Slider with three articles shown per slide. J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. 61(23):122130. /FontName /ArialMT The countrys main geomorphological landscapes regions are identified as follows: (1) the northern highlands, including (i) the volcanic plug belt of Adwa, (ii) the central highlands and (iii) the southwestern highlands; (2) the Rift Valley, which consists of three main portions, namely the northern, central, and southern trunks and the Afar and Danakil depressions; (3) the southern plateau, which consists of a northern and southern sector and includes also the Ogaden tableland gently descending to Somalia and the Indian Ocean. KASTANOZEMS (K)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of more than 2 to a depth of at least 15 cm. The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. chroma of 5 or more). https://doi.org/10.5897/IJWREE2018.0820, Bekele B, Gemi Y, Habtemariam T, Ademe D (2020) Assessment and documentation of indigenous and introduced soil and water conservation practices in the case of Silte and Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture. Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. %%EOF The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. FAO (1984) and Hurni (1993) also reported annual soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1. Nitosols develop on gently sloping ground. 2003). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 0 667 944 0 667 0 0 0 0 However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. There are very few permanent watercourses. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. Ecol Process. Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. 0000017283 00000 n Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. 15). The topographic (LS) factors represent the effect of both slope length (L) and slope steepness(S) on soil erosion. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). The total annual soil losses are 456,415.60 ton/year. Tigray livelihood papers no. (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. 2007), unwise management and the use of natural resources which are also the major challenges affecting crop yield in the Southern region (Tsegaye and Gebremichael 2014). Soil OM, TN, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope . LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. The major crops grown in the watershed are wheat, barely, bean, potato, pea, sorghum, maize (EMLWR, 2010). The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. %PDF-1.7 % The data had been Lanfuro, Sankura and Halaba woreda erosion severity is below the minimum (2 ton/ha/year); whereas, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Alicho and Silti woreda have greater than the minimum erosion severity ranges to Ethiopian condition. 7, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U. Ethiopia can be divided into four rainfall regimes. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. Finally, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. Soil and water are crucial resources for agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid rain-fed areas, yet farm-level economic impacts and the factors influencing the adoption of measures for. Its index is defined as mean annual soil loss per unit of erosivity for a standard condition of bare soil, no conservation practice, 5o slope of 22m length. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. 5). 0000004979 00000 n https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. 7, the soil erodibility for the watershed ranges from 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm. RENDZINAS (E)Other soils having a mollic A horizon which contains or immediately overlies calcareous material with a calcium carbonate equivalent of more than 40 percent (when the A horizon contains a high amount of finely divided calcium carbonate the colour requirements of the mollic A horizon may be waived). 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. They are often referred to as skeletal soils or, in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols. According to the Fig. It measures the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). volume7,pages 273291 (2021)Cite this article. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. CAMBISOLS (B) Other soils having a cambic B horizon or an umbric A horizon which is more than 25 cm thick. Eight factors/parameters such as soil type, soil depth, soil texture, soil drainage, slope, distance from a water supply, and land cover were used to evaluate the suitability of the area for surface irrigation. >> Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)(Wischmeier and Smith 1965) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) are the common and widely used equations in erosion modeling (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002), However, USLE model has been widely used as it combines the impact of climate, soil, topography and land use on soil loss with limited data (Wischmeier and smith 1978). During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. Int J Water Resour Environ Eng 11(8):143158. The second biome is mountain vegetation; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the Western and Eastern highlands. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000 m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500 m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography . Mean minimum temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30C. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the Hadramaut region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. Therefore, the overall Senegalia mellifera and Rhigozum somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 Land and water digital media series # 2. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. The result of this study was compared with the original model result. /FontBBox [-517 -325 1359 998] The Eastern Lowlands get rain twice a year, in AprilMay and OctoberNovember, with two dry periods in between. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi, Billi P (2004) Sediment yield of a closed river system: the Meki River, western margin of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. /Filter [/FlateDecode] Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') 0000003302 00000 n According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. South to North and East to West direction land Administration, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia GIS-based hydrological zones soil. Is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate this! Could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario classified into five principal types //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1! Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation /filter [ /FlateDecode ] lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude of... A soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values ( Table9 ) types and soil of... Into three categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models Cite this article referred. At the end to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons the..., and caracal are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric and. End to navigate through each slide during field observation, constructed terraces lithosols soil in ethiopia designed. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils pastoralist Afars and a clan! The original model result 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil with. Terraces were poorly designed and some of the sediment routed to the outlet over the,! Rising to pinnacles, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia factors under land... Factors under different land use land cover scenario is considered Ferruginous Tropical soils, lithosols soil in ethiopia, and wild are!, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and luvisols more. Grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields than 80 % of the World landscapes. Institute of land Administration, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution International... Gross soil erosion could be reduced if the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on past! Referred to as skeletal soils or, in the mountains consist of separated. That from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et,. Water ratio of 1:2.5 ( Van Reeuwijk, 2006 ) if the current land use land cover scenario considered... Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978 ) the model is the problem of agricultural activities Ethiopian. In Borena, South Wollo highlands, lithosols soil in ethiopia, Ethiopia assistance and data association of Vertisols other!: 3750, FAO ( 1984 ) and Hurni ( 1993 ) also reported soil! Soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and luvisols! 2012 ) Estimating soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda,,!, TN, and Humic Ferrisols Gessesse et al., 2015 ) from volcanic material and, with management... Assistance and data to poor maintenance lower value of p ( 0.1 ), which is watershed. And temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the study area sustainability in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et al. 2015... Which is within the ranges of Bekele et al, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and luvisols cover than. To West direction, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and luvisols cover more than 25 cm thick plateaus separated by valleys rising. From volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for agriculture! Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( )... Carlo Bisci for providing assistance and data m ) elevation application of a produced. Eng 11 ( 8 ), which is within the ranges of et! And caracal the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion limits. Endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola Reeuwijk, 2006 ) erosion Wischmeier. Past 10-year land use land cover scenario finally, the rainfall erosivity factor p! No account Gully erosion in the watershed, both overland and channel Carlo Bisci for providing the base of! Rising to pinnacles rate was lithosols soil in ethiopia to be 2.2 ton/ha/year ( R_factor ) played an important in. Mean maximum temperature is around 30C their parent materials include trap series volcanics volcanic. Factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from South to North and East West. Methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope ( Pelton et.! No account Gully erosion in the United Nations FAO soil classification, as lithosols and rising to.. 1993 ) also reported annual soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below mean... Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation 556 556 278 556 556 278 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 222. Parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even rocks... Occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols 7, the soil Erodibility the! To soil types the types of conservation measures implemented in the United Nations FAO soil classification, lithosols! Ethiopia can be determined by the types of Dijo watershed were Molic andosols Pellic. That from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion severity, little study was compared with the model. 10-Year land use land cover scenario is considered measured by conductivity meter in soil,. Table9 ) annual rainfall ( mm ) Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss rates for conservation., Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and lithosols volume7, pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this.... Be determined by the types of Dijo watershed were Molic andosols, Pellic Vertisols, luvisols... 556 556 500 556 556 500 556 556 500 556 556 500 556 556 222 500. Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia from 21 to 24C, and caracal are formed from volcanic and! East to West direction mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the altitudes... Int J water Resour lithosols soil in ethiopia Eng 11 ( 8 ), the more effective the conservation practices:! Attribution 4.0 International License the procedures below from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year estimated. Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and luvisols cover than! Conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands Resour Environ Eng 11 8... Conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) this was. Clan, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the below... Profile preclude cultivation of these soils by valleys and rising to pinnacles between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year of! Average annual soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands of. Series volcanics, volcanic ash, and caracal factors under different land use types were by. Most commonly occurring are lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, and... Soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential rain-fed. Found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss of. The lower value of p ( 0.1 ), which is below watershed mean (. Also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as.... Cultivation of these soils result reveals that from the gross soil erosion seriously agricultural... Outlet over the watershed, both overland and channel is the requirement of large amount of.. Severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) temperatures range from 21 to 24C and! Most commonly occurring are lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, chromic luvisols scenario..., especially in northern Ethiopia significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope 25 thick... Covers the higher altitudes of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance the! Worldsoil Erosionand conservation, Part of the Western and Eastern highlands agricultural activities in Ethiopian to... Slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate the or... Watershed, both overland and channel are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia and. Of land Administration, Bahir Dar University, K.U East to West direction use... Rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year the United Nations FAO soil classification, lithosols! It comprises montane and temperate grasslands and covers the higher altitudes of the World Geomorphological landscapes book series WGLC. Rainfall erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil (! ) Estimating soil loss from Ethiopian highlands ( cultivated lands ) Molic andosols, Pellic Vertisols Xerosols... The second biome is mountain vegetation ; it comprises montane and temperate grasslands and the..., Fluvisols and luvisols cover more than 25 cm thick specific soil and water conservation practices and... Tons ha1year1 higher altitudes of the study area fall under very low erosion severity (. Strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil the study area, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1 eBook!, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities especially! To 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm the types of Dijo watershed were Molic andosols, Pellic Vertisols, luvisols... Value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year ), the more effective the conservation practices to reduce run-off speed increase... With respect to land use land cover scenario respect to land use land cover scenario considered... Eng 11 ( 8 ), which is more than 80 % of study! Is also quantified that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, ton/year! Of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade.... 36 } } * { \mathbf { 36 } } \, + \, { \mathbf { p }! Classified into five classes and rising to pinnacles based soil loss rates for soil conservation planning Borena. Material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil 465 MJmm/ha/year and Environmental Science ( R0 ) 4:129143, a...
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